
🔥 Heat Stress Calculator
For Endurance Athletes - Estimate thermal load and hydration needs
Input Parameters
200 W
25°C
50%
50%
22%
1.9 m²
15 km/h
75%
Heat Load Analysis
454
Total Metabolic Load (W)
254
Heat to Dissipate (W)
0.48
Required Sweat Rate (L/hr)
156
Convective Exchange (W)
95
Solar Heat Load (W)
0.6-0.8
Recommended Fluid Intake (L/hr)
Includes safety margin and electrolyte replacement
Key Assumptions & Parameters
- Metabolic Efficiency: Default 22% (range 20-24%). Represents the percentage of energy that becomes mechanical work; remainder becomes heat.
- Latent Heat of Vaporization: 2,260 kJ/kg (2.26 MJ/L) - energy required for sweat evaporation.
- Solar Radiation: 0-400W based on exposure percentage of ~0.4 m² typical exposed area (assumes athletic clothing). Independent of total body size.
- Body Surface Area: Default 1.9 m² (adjustable ±25%) - typical for 70kg adult.
- Sweat Efficiency: Percentage of sweat that actually evaporates vs. drips off. Auto-adjusts based on humidity.
- Wind Speed: Accounts for air movement from cycling, running, or environmental wind. Dramatically increases convective cooling in cool conditions.
- Ambient Heat Exchange: Convective exchange = h × A × (37°C - ambient temp), where h = 8 + (0.6 × wind speed) W/m²K. Positive values = cooling, negative values = heat gain from hot environment (ambient >37°C).
- Hydration Recommendations: Include 25-50% safety margin above calculated sweat rate to account for individual variation and electrolyte needs.
- Danger Zone: Total heat load >600W or sweat rate >1.5 L/hr indicates high heat stress risk.
Disclaimer: This calculator provides estimates based on thermodynamic principles. Individual responses vary significantly. Always prioritize personal heat tolerance, acclimatization status, and real-time physiological feedback during exercise.